Debian is the hardcore Linux OS… it has no proprietary software supplied with it. I think all Linux distributions have their roots in Debian.
Ubuntu is much more lax in terms of proprietary software.
From what I’ve picked up, your laser has a ch340 usb chip that should work with the stock Ubuntu.
On Ubuntu, even if the chip isn’t supported with the installed driver (module) it’s likely present on your machine and you shouldn’t have to download it from anywhere.
You see the ACM0 connection created when you plugged in your laser, so it probably has the proper driver.
Did the adduser $USER dialout && sudo adduser $USER tty execute with no error messages?
When you update a logged in users groups, you probably have to log out and log back in to have it implemented. Or reboot, whichever is most simple.
If so I’d suggest an ls -l on ACM0 to ensure everything is set properly.
It sound like it’s a protection or access violation issue as the OS is seeing the laser, but not allowing a connection.
Can you see the ACM0 entry in the ports for the device in Lightburn?
Might have a watch of this video and see if it helps…
The only time I’ve had to mess with drivers was when I purchased an $80 laser and it had a 2102 usb chip on it. The driver (module) was on the machine, just not installed…
Good luck