They’re stored in the preferences file. You can also just save a template file of settings. Make a file that has all the cut settings set the way you like, then delete all the objects from it so the project is empty. Save that. LightBurn normally saves only the cut info attached to objects in a file, but if the project is empty, it assumes you want a cut settings template, and saves all of the cut settings.
If you load that file before you load vectors, the settings stored in that template file will be applied. This means you can save pre-set color banks for different materials, and still do the normal color-mapping approach.