But what I find strange is that the circuit board is lighting up as if the laser were working normally.
This seems to indicate the control signal is getting to the circuit board. That board controls the voltage to the laser as the PWM signal varies. I know this technical info may be strange to you, but basically it seems the circuit board or the laser module is bad. Make sure it is not hot and causing a thermal shutdown.
There may be a button on the circuit board. Push that to see if the laser fires full power (Safety glasses!!!). If it does not fire, it is the laser. If it does fire, then the circuit board is bad.
I got a new 5w module that had a bad circuit board. I was told the circuit board for mine was not available separately. Good luck!