V is “vertex”, or a node / point that is part of a shape. P is “primitive”, which will be either a line (L) or a bezier curve (B) connecting the points together.
On the vertex, vy and vy are the x and y values for the point, and c0 and c1 are the control point handles coming out of that vertex, if used.
This is how a circle is defined in LightBurn, using four vertices, and four primitives. Each vertex has two control points (C0 and C1) coming out of / into them:
This curve goes from V → C0 on vertex 0 to C1 → V on vertex two, then from V → C1 on vertex two to V → C0 on vertex three, and so on.
In your SVG, the C command in the path definition does this:
M 357,141 L 439,111 C 524,109,533,154,485,192
The first command is M for Move, then L for Line, then C for Curve - It Moves to (357,141), draws a Line from there to (439, 111), then draws a bezier Curve from there through control points (524,109), (533,154), to a point at (485,192).
A Cubic Bezier curve is always 4 coordinates - the two end points and the two control points. After that it’s just figuring out which ones go where.