I have a TTS55 laser to which I have added Limit switches to.
I have $21 = 1 and $22 = 1 and $23 = 3.
If I center the laser and click “home,” it goes in the right direction.
If I manually trigger either switch, it stops immediately.
If I let the laser trigger the switches, it tries to keep going.
Hard limits are if you have limit switches on all 4 corners. Soft limits will limit travel according to the work area you set up. Homing switches allow you to automatically home as opposed to manually setting your home. As I understand it. I’m no expert.
When a machine boots, it usually starts with a home operation.
When a machine homes, it then knows where the head is within the defined work area.
If it can’t home because of no switches or the home operation is disabled, the machine assumes the 0, 0 location or home is where it was during power up.
Without a home operation the machine is virtually lost in relation to the actual work area. This is why a home operation is required for a camera to be useful.
Limit switches tell the hardware that the head has moved out of the available working area.
Different controllers may handle this differently.
Grbl machines use the home switches as home. They can then be used as limit switches. If you only have home switches, then you can only use home switches for limit at two of the four ends.
Dsp machines use specific inputs for home and different inputs for limits. It does not look at the home switches after a boot. Usually the limit switches are outside of the normal work area…
This is a Ruida setup with limit switches… Red are home, green limits.
Soft limits (or software limits) are handled by the controller and will check each move before it executes to ensure that instruction will not drive it out of the working area.